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The story of designing the electrical part of MV/LV power substation
Designing a new MV/LV distribution substation is somewhat complicated and involves a lot of factors you must take care of. This technical article will try to present the essential steps... Read more...
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How to avoid common mistakes during wiring and startup of power factor...
Power factor correction (PFC) and reactive power compensation (RPC) are often used as synonyms in practice. Although they are similar and mutually dependent terms, they don’t represent the same...
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IEC and NEMA/IEEE ratings of current transformers (CTs) in medium voltage...
First, let’s remind ourselves of the basics in a few sentences. That is something you must know. A current transformer (CT) is designed to produce a secondary current which is... Read more The post...
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How does low voltage protection unit work and what’s the most important to...
If we are talking about LV applications, protection (or trip) unit is functional part of circuit breaker, and in most cases, they are physically integrated in the same housing as... Read more The post...
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Connections and composition of LV/MV/HV capacitor banks
Compensation capacitors are installed in numerous locations in electrical installations. They are to be found in high voltage transmission and distribution systems, in transformer substations and also...
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Eight criteria you should consider when choosing the right MV/LV transformer...
Although there are few common-sense rules that every electrical engineer follow when choosing the transformer type, it’s always a good idea to name the most important of them. This technical... Read...
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Advices in choosing the right neutral earthing system for your installation
The choice of a neutral earthing system is dependent on requirements and objectives that are often contradictory to such an extent that sometimes several systems have to be created within... Read more...
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Lessons I learned during installation and wiring of LV switchboard
Let’s start with some basic definitions from the United States National Electrical Code (NEC). An LV switchboard is generally defined as a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels... Read more...
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The art of transformer maintenance, inspection and repair (recommended...
The primary purpose of transformer maintenance is to ensure the internal and external parts of the transformer and accessories are kept in good condition and “fit for purpose” and able... Read more...
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Inevitable in almost all electrical switchboards – Residual current device (RCD)
Technology that RCD uses is so simple and so magical. The residual current device continually measures the difference between the value of the outgoing and incoming currents in the circuit... Read...
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Design and control considerations for an example of the waste water pumping...
Waste water pumping stations are very common application examples of three phase induction motor. There are numerous varieties of power supply and control logic, depending on exact conditions in...
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Controlling power system parameters through reactive power (VAr) compensation
To be honest, transmission and distribution networks are full of problems. But that’s nothing new, and you already knew that. This technical article will shed some light on solving some... Read more...
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The art of designing the auxiliary system of a power plant
Power plant auxiliary system is usually pretty complicated and consists of dozen of motors, transformers, capacitor banks, variable frequency drives, PLCs, and other electrical devices. Therefore,...
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Design tips for medium voltage systems and switchgears in power substations
Medium voltage networks are networks with rated voltages of over 1 kV and up to 36 kV. Medium voltage switchgear is used in transformer substations and switching substations, and in... Read more The...
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When can we say that earthing arrangement is safe for people (confusions in...
This article will analyse some of the most important safety issues related to design and use of LV electrical installations. Besides explanation of relevant terms in this field defined by... Read more...
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Primary substations and bus layouts in the distribution system of an...
The primary distribution system of an industrial plant is generally the higher voltage portion of the system, starting with the purchased-power service and including generators, switching equipment,...
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Five actions to achieve excellent energy savings in old electrical installations
Not all existing electrical installations lack energy efficiency, but most of them do. Especially if they were built 15-20 years ago and older. Although it is generally acknowledged that...
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An overview of transformer connections and diagrams in the electric power system
Power transformers are used extensively by traditional electric utility companies, power plants, and industrial plants. This technical article summarizes the basic types, connections, and diagrams of...
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What are the primary substation feeders? How to analyze their arrangements?
A feeder carries energy to a substation or bus or to several loads. The several feeder arrangements are discussed in this technical article. Feeder may connect two substation buses in... Read more The...
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Best relay protection practices applied to shunt reactors, capacitors, SVCs...
This technical article explains the protection practices applied to shunt reactors and capacitors as well as to static var compensators (SVCs) and static compensators (STATCOMs). Dry-type and...
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